By Michael F. Rellosa The Philippines is frequently cited as one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, facing an increasing frequency of catastrophic events due to climate change and its geographical location in the Pacific typhoon belt. The recent chain of typhoons (six that happened in about a month — Kristine, Leon, Marce, Nika, Ofel and Pepito) that have devastated communities underscores the urgent need for effective disaster risk financing (DRF) strategies. Within this context, the insurance industry has a critical role to play in not only mitigating the financial impact of such disasters but also in facilitating recovery and building resilience among affected populations, thereby assisting the government, which is seen by most as the "insurer of last resort." Disaster risk financing encompasses a range of financial instruments aimed at providing immediate funding to respond to disasters. Traditionally, in the Philippines, financing for disaster response comes primarily from government budgets, which are usually inadequate and require time-consuming processes before actually being utilized. This model places immense strain on public resources and lacks the agility needed for timely response and recovery. Though the government has established disaster response programs and contingency funds, these often fall short of addressing the immediate and long-term needs of affected communities. The insurance industry, however, has the potential to transform this landscape. Currently, premium penetration in the Filipino insurance market remains low, with only a fraction of the population covered by any insurance products. The natural catastrophe insurance market is particularly underdeveloped, which leaves many individuals, families and businesses vulnerable to the financial fallout from disasters. To tap into the full potential of the insurance industry, there is a need for innovative insurance products that align with DRF initiatives. Parametric insurance is one such tool, providing pre-defined payouts when specific disaster thresholds (such as wind speed or rainfall levels) are met. This model allows for faster disbursement of funds without the lengthy claims process, significantly improving cash flow for recovery efforts. Implementing such products would not only protect individual assets but could also be tied to broader economic resilience strategies. Additionally, insurance products can be tailored to meet the specific needs of various sectors, including agriculture, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and local governments. For instance, crop insurance can protect farmers against losses due to typhoons, enabling them to recover faster and sustain food production. Similarly, property insurance for SMEs can ensure that businesses can reopen quickly after a disaster, minimizing economic disruptions in affected areas. For the insurance industry to fulfill its potential in DRF, accessibility and affordability must be prioritized. The insurers should work alongside the government to develop programs that subsidize premiums for low-income households, particularly those in high-risk areas. Community-based insurance models can also empower local populations to pool resources and manage their risks collectively. By fostering a culture of risk awareness and insurance literacy through outreach programs, the industry can engage more citizens, encouraging them to invest in protective measures. Furthermore, technological advancements can play a role in enhancing access to insurance products. Mobile technology can be utilized to facilitate micro-insurance products, making it easier for individuals and communities to purchase and manage their coverage. Insurance apps can provide real-time weather alerts and disaster preparedness information, increasing community awareness and ensuring preemptive action is taken. The regulatory environment in the Philippines will have to be ready to support the integration of insurance offerings into disaster risk financing. Cooperation between regulatory agencies, insurers and stakeholders in disaster management will help develop an efficient framework that encourages innovation in insurance products and expands coverage. The Philippine government, through agencies like the Insurance Commission, will have to establish guidelines that facilitate partnerships between the public and private sectors, fostering an ecosystem conducive to developing robust disaster financing solutions. Furthermore, collaboration among various stakeholders — including multilateral aid organizations, civil society organizations, humanitarian agencies and the private sector — will strengthen the fundamental building blocks for effective DRF initiatives. The experiences and insights gained from these partnerships can inform best practices and scalable approaches, developing a comprehensive and community-driven insurance strategy. The insurance industry in the Philippines holds immense potential to address the challenges posed by disaster risks, particularly in the wake of recent catastrophic events. By innovating products, improving access and affordability, and fostered by a supportive regulatory environment, the industry can play a transformative role in disaster risk financing initiatives. Through effective collaboration among various stakeholders, the Philippines cannot only enhance its resilience against future disasters but also significantly improve the livelihoods of its most vulnerable populations. Embracing the full potential of the insurance sector is not just a financial strategy — it is a pathway toward sustainable recovery and resilience in the face of an uncertain future. Source: manilatimes.net

By Michael F. Rellosa In an increasingly interconnected world, collaboration has emerged as a cornerstone for achieving common goals and advocating for shared interests. Organizations that prioritize strategic partnerships can leverage their resources, knowledge and skills to create greater impact. This principle is exemplified through the collaboration of the Philippine Insurers and Reinsurers Association (PIRA) with the Global Asia Insurance Partnership (GAIP), the International Association of Engineering Insurers (IMIA) and the International Union of Marine Insurance (IUMI). Through these partnerships, each organization amplifies its voice, extends its reach, and promotes best practices, all of which contribute to the collective advancement of the insurance and reinsurance sectors. One of the most significant advantages of collaboration is the ability to establish and enhance industry standards. PIRA's partnerships with GAIP, IMIA and IUMI provide a platform for developing robust frameworks that guide the operations of insurance professionals not only in the Philippines but globally. By collaborating, these organizations pool their expertise and resources to tackle common challenges. For instance, the groups can jointly address issues such as regulatory compliance, risk assessment methodologies and sustainability practices, ensuring all stakeholders are aligned with the best practices that promote ethical and efficient operations. Additionally, the sharing of knowledge leads to the formulation of comprehensive industry standards that benefit all participants. The maritime sector, represented by IUMI, and the engineering and machinery sector, represented by IMIA, face unique challenges that require tailored solutions. By working with PIRA, these associations can harmonize practices and create guidelines that enhance the efficiency of marine and engineering insurance processes. PIRA's involvement in these discussions amplifies the impact, ensuring that diverse perspectives contribute to the dialogue and add value to the development of these specialty lines in the country. Collaboration also allows for the pooling of resources, which can be particularly beneficial in times of crisis or uncertainty. For instance, the local insurance industry is increasingly grappling with the effects of climate change, cybersecurity threats and economic disruptions. By partnering with organizations like GAIP, IMIA and IUMI, PIRA can access a broader knowledge base and a wider array of tools to address these complexities. The sharing of research, data and technological advancements can streamline the response to emerging risks, ultimately protecting policyholders and enhancing market stability. Moreover, these partnerships enable cross-industry learning. Each organization brings unique strengths to the table: PIRA has deep expertise in the local markets, while GAIP focuses on Asian and global insurance professionalism. IMIA specializes in machinery and engineering insurance intricacies, and IUMI addresses international marine insurance concerns. By collaborating, these organizations can leverage each other's strengths to create comprehensive solutions that would be unattainable individually. Collaboration also increases the capacity for effective advocacy. When organizations unite for a common purpose, their collective voice becomes significantly stronger. PIRA's partnerships with GAIP, IMIA and IUMI create a unified platform for advocating relevant policies and regulations that benefit both the Philippine and global insurance landscapes. By presenting a united front, these organizations can engage policymakers, shape industry reforms, and promote initiatives that enhance the resilience and adaptability of the insurance and reinsurance sectors. In legislative discussions, having a consolidated voice is paramount. For instance, when advocating for regulatory adjustments that benefit maritime insurance, it is more effective for PIRA, IMIA and IUMI to approach lawmakers as a coalition rather than as individual entities. Such a partnership demonstrates the wide-ranging implications of proposed regulations, thus garnering greater attention and consideration from decision-makers. The insurance industry is at a technological crossroads, facing exponential advancements such as insuretech, artificial intelligence and big data. Collaboration fosters a culture of innovation that is crucial for adapting to these changes. By working together, organizations like PIRA, GAIP, IMIA and IUMI can facilitate workshops, conferences and seminars that encourage knowledge-sharing and skill development among members. Through collaborative research initiatives, they can explore the integration of technology in underwriting processes or claims management, for example. The sharing of insights from diverse market perspectives fosters innovative solutions that may not otherwise emerge in isolation. As a result, the joint emphasis on innovation can lead to the creation of products and services that better meet the evolving needs of clients. In conclusion, collaboration is a vital mechanism for furthering common interests and advocacies within the insurance and reinsurance sectors. PIRA's partnerships with GAIP, IMIA and IUMI exemplify how strategic alliances can enhance industry standards, pool resources, amplify advocacy efforts and foster innovation. By coming together, these organizations not only address the immediate challenges faced by their members but also build a resilient framework for the future. In a complex and rapidly evolving landscape, the power of collaboration stands as a beacon for progress, ensuring that the voice of the insurance community is heard and respected. Source: manilatimes.net

By Michael F. Rellosa Sustainability is an oft-discussed topic nowadays, and the recent catastrophic fires in Los Angeles emphasize the importance of the word for the insurance industry in the US and especially in the Philippines, where natural catastrophic perils are prone to happen. Sustainability refers to the ability to maintain something over time. In the context of insurance, it means ensuring that an insurance company can continue to operate effectively while providing coverage, even when faced with increasing risks, like the ongoing fires in places like Los Angeles. The press was rife with reports on the fact that many insurers pulled out of the area months or days before the fire occurred, leaving scores without any insurance protection. The problem was that scant attention was paid by the public and perhaps the government when this was happening. Previous fires and their increasing frequency forced Commercial insurers to pull out just when such coverage was needed. The wildfires in Los Angeles have posed significant challenges for both residents and insurance companies. These fires lead to large-scale damage to homes and properties, which means insurance companies must pay out more claims. If the frequency and severity of these fires increase due to climate change, insurers face greater risks and higher costs. When a lot of claims come in after disasters, insurance companies need enough money from premiums (the amounts people pay for insurance) to cover these costs. If they charge too little, they might not have enough money to pay for all the damage, which could put the company at risk. If insurers don't charge adequate premiums, they could go out of business. This means people wouldn't have insurance when they really need it, leaving them vulnerable to losing everything in a fire. Adequate premium rates can encourage homeowners to take steps to make their properties safer against fires. For example, if someone knows their premium is lower if they have fire-resistant materials or defensible space around their home, they may be more likely to invest in those improvements. By charging appropriate rates, insurers can build up a financial reserve. This reserve helps them prepare for future disasters, ensuring that they can support policyholders after events like wildfire. When insurers decide to leave a high-risk area due to frequent wildfires or disasters, the remaining companies might be overwhelmed with claims or may raise their rates significantly. This can make it difficult or too expensive for people to get insurance. It could lead to a situation where some homeowners cannot afford any insurance at all, leaving them unprotected. We are looking at this from a distance as these happened in America, but what if this scenario plays out in the Philippines, where circumstances are rife for such a scenario considering the fact that we are the country most prone to NatCat events such as typhoons, floods and earthquakes. Will we have enough resources to count on for recovery? We all know the answer to that, but what we can do is to spread the risk – allow the private sector to take on some of these risks and spread it further into the global reinsurance market. You may be aware that the local industry has been hard at work trying to provide avenues for such to occur but are hamstrung by our inability to correct our rates to reflect the true cost of risk, making it unacceptable to the reinsurance market. If only we can hurdle this roadblock then it will help pave the way for other mechanisms to play out. In summary, adequate insurance premium rates are essential for maintaining the sustainability of insurance companies, especially in areas prone to natural disasters like wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes in the US and earthquakes, typhoons and floods in the Philippines. This approach ensures that insurers can remain in business, provide necessary coverage, and support communities effectively when they face crises. By considering the risks and charging appropriately, the insurance industry can better prepare for the future and help protect people and their properties. Source: manilatimes.net

By Herminia S. Jacinto As the year 2024 is ending, and this will be my last column for the year, I believe it is just the right time to talk about the year that was for the insurance industry. What comes to mind very easily is the series of typhoons that occurred in the second half of the year, six of them occurring within two months. In previous columns, this writer has mentioned the importance of insurance covers on our properties, especially for typhoons and floods. When the property or vehicle is mortgaged to a bank to support a loan, the bank or lending institution requires that these covers be made for the collaterals. For the non-mortgaged properties, brokers and insurance sales agents should constantly remind their clients to secure such covers since the forecast is that we will have more of these events due to the climate change phenomenon. The insurance companies have trained personnel who can advise and prepare the correct and applicable insurance coverages for various types of properties. They can immediately respond to the needs of their clients during and after the events insured have happened. What about the companies? This article is about the non-life insurance companies in the Philippines. Are they capable of paying the claims that may occur after the occurrence of these dreaded events? Are they liquid so they can pay claims as soon as determined to be compensable? These companies are carefully examined by the Insurance Commission in addition to the annual audit done by its external auditors. The Insurance Commission prepares financial statements based on its own assessment. The assets and liabilities are revalued at a net realizable value to ensure that the companies can pay their obligations without having to dispose of certain assets and delay payment of claims. The examination is done annually, and the audited balance sheet is published in a newspaper of general circulation so the public may be informed of the financial condition of their insurers. Source: manilatimes.net

By Herminia S. Jacinto Happy New Year! Welcome 2025, the Year of the Snake! As I write this column, I can smell the nice aroma coming from the kitchen. Everyone is busy preparing for the coming of the new year but it seems we will welcome 2025 with umbrellas and raincoats. It has been drizzling since early afternoon and may turn into an honest to goodness rain. Not to worry. My grandmother used to say that rain symbolizes blessings. Rain is most welcome by the farmers and their crops. Kids like the rain, too. Much later in life, I still like rain, but I also now worry about it — rain may develop into a strong typhoon which causes floods, destroys property and plants. Insurance people like me are like weathermen. We monitor weather events and worry about the insurance protection that our clients may or may not have when these events occur. This is the time of the year to make our New Year's resolutions. I was watching a favorite game show the other night and one of the questions was, "What is the most popular New Year's resolution especially among ladies?" Both contestants got it — "to go on a diet!" Going on a diet and losing unwanted weight is not only for looking good but most of all, feeling good. As we write down other New Year's resolutions, let us not forget the "promises" to protect ourselves and our properties. Have we reviewed the insurance covers on our homes, be it a single-detached house or a condominium unit? These properties increase in value over time, and the insurance cover should be updated. Insurance companies normally do a "Insure to Value" campaign, but this may not be done every year and by all the companies. It therefore behooves on property owners to consult their insurance companies' agents or representatives on how to update their insurance protection. When the property is mortgaged, the bank or lending institution will, most likely insure the property up to the amount of their exposure, the loan balance. Experience has shown that many fires have occurred in December, especially in the last week. I recall many years back, an upscale shopping area in Makati burned down as the year was ending and fireworks drowned the noise caused by the explosion. No matter how property owners take the much-needed safety measures, accidents do happen. So, update your property covers! The question that has become very relevant today is whether the property has adequate typhoon and flood protection. One cannot now say that their area is not prone to flooding. The recent typhoons and floods have not spared even some of the classy subdivisions. Typhoon Katrina, which affected the Bicol Region, especially Naga City, caused floods which reached the roof of single story houses and the second floors of some. Vehicles were floating around the road bumping one another! I asked a favorite nonlife insurance agent — what if my car is one of those which bumped another one during the floods. Both cars were damaged and one does not have the flood cover? That's a bit complicated, and you need me, according to the agent, to explain this to both of you. Thank God for insurance agents! They are professionals who are well-trained by their principal insurance companies or at our Insurance Institute for Asia and the Pacific. They can answer all your questions about insurance. There are many other lines of insurance that are designed to protect lives, events and property in both our personal and business activities but that will be for other columns. This time I just discussed those that are very relevant to the New Year. I will end this article by informing everyone that the insurance industry, which is composed of eight composite (life and nonlife), 26 life insurance companies, 46 nonlife insurance companies, 66 insurance brokers and 17,540 nonlife insurance agents, is here to serve the requirements of the insuring public. Of course, we also recognize the close supervision by our Insurance Commission headed by Insurance Commissioner Reynaldo Regalado and his team. Cheers to the Philippine insurance industry! May 2025 be a prosperous year for all! Source: manilatimes.net

The annual Global Risk Report Executive Opinion Survey conducted by Zurich Insurance has revealed that economic downturns, such as recessions and stagnation, alongside concerns around the increasing frequency of weather events, natural disasters and labour and talent shortages, remain the most pressing concerns for businesses across the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region over the next two years. The survey conducted in partnership with the World Economic Forum (WEF) and Marsh McLennan and released as the WEF Global Risks Report 2025 was released on 15 January 2025. According to Zurich Insurance for the second consecutive year, the possibility of an economic downturn tops the list of risks in most sub-regions, including Oceania, Southeastern Asia, and Southern Asia. The insurer says, however, in Eastern Asia, labour and talent shortages have overtaken economic concerns as the top risk, reflecting the region’s growing struggles to sustain a skilled workforce.  Labour and talent shortages, initially identified as a top five risk last year, have risen in prominence. The issue is particularly acute in Eastern Asia, where the demand for IT and digital skills outpaces supply, points out Zurich. Zurich Insurance Group chief risk officer APAC Sid Medappa said, “The APAC region continues to face a dynamic risk environment, with uncertainty around the economy leading the agenda. These challenges are compounded by escalating climate risks, socioeconomic disparities, talent shortages and geoeconomic tensions. They outrank the risks around adverse outcomes from the usage of AI technologies and cyber risk, which have been a concern for several years and remain as major risks in the region.” Source: asiainsurancereview.com

If the state-mandated FAIR plan can’t cover all claims, Californians could receive insurance bills to cover the difference. A firefighter fights the flames from the Palisades Fire while it burns homes at Pacific Coast Highway amid a powerful windstorm in Malibu, Calif., on Jan. 8, 2025. Apu Gomes/Getty Images New rules enacted in September 2024 for the insurer of last resort in California—the Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) plan—could leave homeowners insurance policyholders on the hook for fire losses in the Los Angeles area if totals exceed the plan’s ability to pay. “The bottom line is, the FAIR plan will have enough money to pay claims, but the way it will make sure it has enough money is by assessing all California policyholders, eventually,” Dave Jones, former commissioner of the California Department of Insurance, told host Siyamak Khorrami during a recent episode on EpochTV’s “ California Insider .” “If it gets there, that’s what will happen. People will get an additional bill ... which will come as a big surprise to Californians.” AccuWeather estimated the economic impact of the damage could top $150 billion . Insured losses could approach $20 billion or higher, according to analysts. “That’s an enormous loss for the insurance industry to sustain,” Jones said. He said the FAIR plan is an “involuntary association of insurance companies” that pool together to cover the properties deemed most at risk. The plan holds about $700 million in cash and $200 million in reserves, and carries $2.5 billion in reinsurance that will help cover losses, according to the plan’s most recent data . Total exposure exceeds $458 billion, a 61 percent spike from September 2023. The number of homes covered has jumped by 123 percent since 2020, and commercial policies skyrocketed by 161 percent over the same period. The 1,467 policies covered by the plan in the Pacific Palisades—which has some of the most expensive homes in the nation—equate to $5.89 billion in exposure, the fifth-largest area of risk in the state for the plan, according to its website . Nearly 24,000 acres have burned in the Palisades fire , which has destroyed or damaged at least 5,000 structures and is 19 percent contained, Cal Fire reported on Jan. 15. Average home prices are approximately $3.5 million in the city, with some of the coastal residences that burned worth tens of millions of dollars, according to online real estate firm Zillow . In Altadena, an area impacted by the Eaton fire —which has now burned more than 14,000 acres and destroyed or damaged approximately 7,000 structures—the plan covers just under 1,000 policies . The Eaton fire is approximately 35 percent contained, according to Cal Fire. Zillow calculates an average home value of about $1.3 million in the area. Jones said that if a substantial number of burned homes are covered by the FAIR plan, it could jeopardize its solvency. Rules proposed in July 2024 and issued  by the state’s Insurance Department in September 2024 changed how FAIR-plan losses would be covered, by spreading exposure to include all policyholders. In the event the plan is unable to pay claims, insurers are required to cover the losses at rates determined by their relative market share. The new guidelines allow insurers to recoup costs from policyholders through special assessments, if approved by the insurance commissioner. Such a procedure is needed to provide stability for the insurer of last resort, according to the state’s Insurance Department. “The FAIR Plan contains high-risk policies and maintaining its solvency is essential for paying future claims,” the department said in a statement. “While the FAIR Plan hasn’t had a solvency crisis in 30 years, we are taking no chances.” The changes were meant to improve the plan’s capacity to cover risky properties, the commissioner said in a statement. “Modernizing the FAIR Plan is a crucial step in our strategy to stabilize California’s insurance market,” California Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara said. “By strengthening the FAIR Plan while providing financial stability and solvency protections, we are creating long-term security for consumers, homeowners, and businesses across the state that is long overdue.” Similar regulations are in place in Florida and Louisiana in so-called shared market environments, where losses are spread to reduce exposure. With losses mounting due to the fires in Los Angeles County, rates will increase for Californians in the near future, according to Jones. “It’s going to be very expensive for Californians to access insurance going forward,” the former insurance commissioner said. Source: theepochtimes.com

The Indonesian archipelago will continue to have wet rainy season during 2025 as the impact of La Niña continues. The country can expect high intensity rainfall to occur until April and thereby increasing the risk of catastrophic events causing much disaster in the country. After enduring a prolonged dry season due to El Niño, a large part of Indonesia endured hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and landslides for most of last year, a trend likely to continue in the next few months, the country’s disaster agency has warned. Throughout 2024, the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) recorded a total of 2,107 incidents of disasters that claimed at least 547 lives, displacing over 6.3mn others and destroying around 60,000 homes across the country, said the Post. The figure was less than half of the 5,400 incidents in 2023. But the decline was due to a new method used by the BNPB to classify an event as a disaster, which should now either result in at least one casualty, impact 50 people or damage five buildings, among other criteria. More than half of the 2024 disasters, around 1,088 incidents, were floods. Extreme weather events trailed as the second-most common occurrence at 455 incidents. While El Niño was the main regional factor that drove a high number of forest and land fires in 2023, it was La Niña’s turn last year, which brought wetter and colder winds to the archipelago, said BNPB spokesperson Abdul Muhari. “This caused rainfall to be higher than average, making floods and other extreme weather events the most frequent disasters last year,” Mr Muhari said in a press briefing on Tuesday. The report added that the Indonesian archipelago will continue to have wet rainy season during 2025 as the impact of La Niña continues. The country can expect high intensity rainfall to occur until April and thereby increasing the risk of catastrophic events causing much disaster in the country.     Hazards from hydrometeorological disasters were still expected to threaten the country in the coming months, Abdul said. The prediction was in line with a forecast from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) warning that extreme weather events could persist until April. “The intensity of rainfall will continue to increase until February. The BNPB is focusing on end-to-end integrated anticipatory measures,” the spokesperson said. Among other efforts, the disaster agency is launching cloud-seeding operations to induce rain before it arrives over heavily populated areas. The BNPB also plans to install new early warning equipment to detect the buildup of volcanic materials to anticipate lahar flows. The agency also aims to improve disaster preparedness at the grassroots level by disbursing funds, manpower and equipment for regional administrations and encouraging the establishment of community patrols to routinely check for signs of imminent disaster. Source: asiainsurancereview.com

As the Japanese demography moves to the super-aged stage, the country's general insurance industry foresees challenges ahead. The immediate demographic challenge for the Japanese non-life insurance industry is lack of growth in the domestic market for its traditional products. Also, the Japanese non-life insurance groups are increasingly global in scope, so the complexities of managing the business and meeting regulatory requirements are becoming greater. Insurance companies need to attract and retain talent with the right digital skills and international outlook. The traditional work culture in Japan may be a barrier to this and as such the industry has begun adopting more flexible human resource strategies that allow employees to take more control of their own career. In what could be construed as a first step in that direction, Japan's Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co. could offer initial monthly salary for university graduates as much as 410,000 yen. This is likely to become applicable for those joining the nonlife insurer in April 2026. According to a press report by Jiji Press news and published in Japan Times if a career-track employee agrees to be relocated to an area far from his or her current home and actually works there, the monthly salary will increase by as much as some JPY130,000 from the current maximum of JPY280,000. The aim is to secure and retain excellent human resources amid continuing labour shortages in Japan. A formal decision will be made after consultation with the labour union. At the same time the non-life insurer is likely to abolish area-based career-track positions, whose work locations are limited, in fiscal 2026, and unify its recruitment to general career-track positions. For those who do not wish to be transferred, the starting salary will be about JPY280,000. Major Japanese companies are increasingly moving to raise their starting salaries to secure human resources. Another challenge that could confront non-life insurers is around sales and distribution. The insurance industry has been developing digital capability in the country, but older customers may prefer face-to-face contact. Ageing customers may also be vulnerable and insurance companies need to develop controls to ensure that the sales process appropriately meets the needs of such customers. Source: asiainsurancereview.com

Topic: MAKING WORK FROM HOME WORK FOR YOU Date: May 7, 2020 Speaker: Mr. Carl Ventura, Vice President, CPI Panelists: Mr. Michael F. Rellosa, Executive Director, PIRA Mr. Francisco D. Papa, Jr., Executive Director, IIAP Download the presentation.